Contraceptive Devices

Most contraceptive devices are physical and/or chemical barriers that stop sperm from entering a woman's uterus.

The male condom is a tube of thin material (latex rubber is best) that is rolled over a man's erect penis before any contact is made with a woman's genitals. The male latex condom provides the best protection against disease. The female condom is a 7-inch-long pouch of polyurethane with two flexible rings. It is inserted into the vagina before intercourse. It covers the cervix, vagina and area around the entrance to the vagina. The female condom is less effective against sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.

Spermicides are sperm-killing chemicals that are available as foam, jelly, foaming tablets, vaginal suppositories, or cream. They are inserted into the vagina no earlier than 30 minutes before intercourse. Spermicides should not be used alone. They should be used with another contraceptive, such as a condom, for increased effectiveness. Spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 provide some protection against viruses. However, in general, spermicides do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Condoms and spermicides can be purchased at drug and grocery stores without a prescription.

The diaphragm is a soft rubber dome stretched over a ring. No more than 3 hours before intercourse, the diaphragm is filled with spermicidal jelly or cream and is inserted into the vagina and over the cervix (opening of the uterus).

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a small plastic device containing copper or hormones. Instead of stopping sperm from entering the uterus, the IUD changes the physical environment of the uterus. The changes do not allow a fertilized egg to stay and grow in the uterus. A medical professional inserts an IUD into the uterus. Depending on the type of IUD, it may be kept inside the uterus for 1 to 10 years before it must be replaced. The diaphragm and IUD require a visit to your health care provider for proper fitting and insertion.